Significance of high expression of C5orf46 in gastric cancer and potential intervention of tarditional Chinese medicine based on bioinformatics, molecular docking, and cell experiments / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the expression, prognosis, and clinical significance of C5orf46 in gastric cancer and to study the interaction between the active components of C5orf46 and tarditional Chinese medicine. The ggplot2 package was utilized for differential expression analysis of C5orf46 in gastric cancer tissues and normal tissues. The survival package was used for survival analysis, univariate regression analysis, and multivariate regression analysis. Nomogram analysis was used to assess the connection between C5orf46 expression in gastric cancer and overall survival. The abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was calculated by GSVA package. Coremine database, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) database, and PubChem database were used to search the potential components corresponding to C5orf46 gene and tarditional Chinese medicine. Molecular docking was performed to explore the binding affinity of potential components to C5orf46. Cell experiments were performed to explore the expression of C5orf46 gene in cells of the blank group, model group, and drug administration groups. As compared with normal tissues, C5orf46 expression was higher in gastric cancer tissues, which had more significant predictive effects in the early stages(T2, N0, and M0). The more advanced the tumor node metastasis(TNM) stage, the higher the C5orf46 expression and the lower the probability of survival of patients with gastric cancer. The expression of C5orf46 positively correlated with the helper T cells1 in gastric cancer and the macrophage infiltration level in gastric cancer, and negatively correlated with B cells, central memory T cells, helper T cells 17, and follicular helper T cells. Seven potential components of C5orf46 were obtained, and three active components were obtained after the screening, which matched five tarditional Chinese medicines, namely, Sojae Semen Nigrum, Jujubae Fructus, Trichosanthis Fructus, Silybi Fructus, and Bambusae Concretio Silicea. Molecular docking revealed that sialic acid and adeno-sine monophosphate(AMP) had a good binding ability to C5orf46. The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot showed that, as compared with the model group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of C5orf46 were significantly lower in the drug administration groups. The lowest expression level was found at the concentration of 40 μmol·L~(-1). The results of this study provide ideas for the clinical development of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of gastric cancer as well as other cancers.

Effects of Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata on proteomics and autophagy in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by high-fat diet coupled with streptozotocin / 中国中药杂志

To compare the pancreatic proteomics and autophagy between Rehmanniae Radix-and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata-treated mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). The T2DM mouse model was established by high-fat diet coupled with streptozotocin(STZ, intraperitoneal injection, 100 mg·kg~(-1), once a day for three consecutive days). The mice were then randomly assigned into a control group, low-(5 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(15 g·kg~(-1)) Rehmanniae Radix groups, low-(150 mg·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(300 mg·kg~(-1)) catalpol groups, low-(5 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(15 g·kg~(-1)) Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata groups, low-(150 mg·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(300 mg·kg~(-1)) 5-hydroxymethyl furfuraldehyde(5-HMF) groups, and a metformin(250 mg·kg~(-1)) group. In addition, a normal group was also set and each group included 8 mice. The pancreas was collected after four weeks of administration and proteomics tools were employed to study the effects of Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata on protein expression in the pancreas of T2DM mice. The expression levels of proteins involved in autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress response in the pancreatic tissues of T2DM mice were determined by western blotting, immunohistochemical assay, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the differential proteins between the model group and Rehmanniae Radix/Rehmanniae Radix Prae-parata group were enriched in 7 KEGG pathways, such as autophagy-animal, which indicated that the 7 pathways may be associated with T2DM. Compared with the control group, drug administration significantly up-regulated the expression levels of beclin1 and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)/mTOR and down-regulated those of the inflammation indicators, Toll-like receptor-4(TLR4) and Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3), in the pancreas of T2DM mice, and Rehmanniae Radix showed better performance. In addition, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), and heine oxygenase-1(HO-1) in the pancreas of T2DM mice were down-regulated after drug administration, and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata demonstrated better performance. The results indicate that both Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata can alleviate the inflammatory symptoms, reduce oxidative stress response, and increase the autophagy level in the pancreas of T2DM mice, while they exert the effect on different autophagy pathways.

Chemical Constituent Analysis of Tongxie Yaofang Decoction by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo rapidly identify the chemical constituents in Tongxie Yaofang decoction by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS）. MethodChromatographic conditions were ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm）， mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution （0-4 min， 5%-15%B； 4-10 min， 15%-25%B； 10-15 min， 25%-60%B； 15-20 min， 60%-90%B； 20-25 min， 90%-100%B； 25-27 min， 100%B； 27-30 min， 100%-5%B； 30-32 min， 5%B）， flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1， column temperature at 35 ℃ and injection volume of 3 μL. UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was equipped with an electrospray ionization（ESI）， the MS and MS/MS data were collected in positive and negative ion modes， and detection range was m/z 100-1 250. Combining the reference substance， chemical databases and related literature information， TraceFinder 4.1 and Xcalibur 2.1 were used to identify the chemical constituents of Tongxie Yaofang decoction. ResultA total of 90 compounds， mainly including flavonoids， coumarins， monoterpene glycosides， chromones and lactones， were identified from Tongxie Yaofang decoction. By attributing the sources of Chinese medicines for all identified compounds， 9 of them were found to be derived from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， 21 from Paeoniae Radix Alba， 24 from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， 29 from Saposhnikoviae Radix， and 7 from at least two Chinese medicines. ConclusionThe method can effectively， quickly and comprehensively identify the chemical components of Tongxie Yaofang decoction， and clarify the chemical composition. These identified compounds cover the main active ingredients of the four herbs with high abundance， which indicates that the extraction method and the ratio of the medicinal materials of Tongxie Yaofang are scientific， and can provide a reference for the research on the material basis and quality evaluation of this famous classical formula.

Inspiration from the research advances in microcirculatory dysfunction to the treatment of burn shock and burn septic shock / 中华烧伤杂志

Microcirculatory dysfunction is an important pathophysiological change of shock. In the last decade, many researches on the mechanism of microcirculatory dysfunction have been involved in areas such as the glycocalyx damage of vascular endothelial cells, macrocirculation- microcirculation discoupling, vascular hyporeactivity, and microcirculation monitoring. Accordingly, this paper discussed how these research findings can be applied to burn patients, with the aim of alerting the clinicians to improving microcirculation, and maintaining hemodynamic coordination during the treatment of burn shock and burn septic shock. In addition, with the development of accurate and reliable microcirculation monitoring techniques, it is necessary to carry out multi-center clinical trials to reveal the clinical significance of target-oriented shock resuscitation protocol combining macrocirculatory and microcirculatory parameters.

Controlling excessive fluid resuscitation in massive burn patients to prevent complications / 中华烧伤杂志

Excessive fluid resuscitation in massive burn patients is a common phenomenon in burn management, and the reasons are mostly related with administering resuscitation of crystalloid alone and pursuing a goal-directed resuscitation with targeting normal hemodynamic parameters in the first 24 h post burn. Tissue edema caused by excessive fluid resuscitation is a vital factor that induces complications including respiratory compromise, abdominal compartment syndrome, and so on. Therefore, in order to control excessive fluid resuscitation and prevent its subsequent complications in massive burn patients, it is necessary to determine the optimal resuscitation regime, set appropriate resuscitation endpoints, and implement precise management of fluid resuscitation.

The Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome among Private Dentists in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study

@#Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a progressive entrapment neuropathy that is commonly associated with dentists. If left untreated, permanent nerve and muscle damage may occur. The purpose of this study is to determine prevalence of CTS among private dentists in Klang Valley, Malaysia and to further identify the associated risk factors for CTS symptoms. In-person interviews of 78 subjects obtained using the convenience sampling method were carried out. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) and clinical tests of Phalen and Tinel were used to examine signs and functional impact of CTS. The overall prevalence of CTS-related symptoms is 37.2%. Using BCTQ alone, 6.4% showed mild CTS symptoms through the level of functional state scoring (FSS) while 10.3% showed mild to moderate symptoms in the scale of the severity of symptoms (SSS). There is a significant correlation between the age of dentists and CTS symptoms (p = 0.007). The prevalence of CTS was more common in older dentists. Increasing age and working hours per week further enhance the risk of CTS. Findings from this study will serve as a useful baseline to establish further study in Klang Valley. Future work should examine the accounts underlying these risk factors for preventive measures.

Changes in sensitivity of bilateral medial vestibular nuclear neurons responding to input stimuli during vestibular compensation and the underlying ionic mechanism / 生理学报

Vestibular compensation is an important model for developing the prevention and intervention strategies of vestibular disorders, and investigating the plasticity of the adult central nervous system induced by peripheral injury. Medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) in brainstem is critical center for vestibular compensation. Its neuronal excitability and sensitivity have been implicated in normal function of vestibular system. Previous studies mainly focused on the changes in neuronal excitability of the MVN in lesional side of the rat model of vestibular compensation following the unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). However, the plasticity of sensitivity of bilateral MVN neurons dynamically responding to input stimuli is still largely unknown. In the present study, by using qPCR, whole-cell patch clamp recording in acute brain slices and behavioral techniques, we observed that 6 h after UL, rats showed a significant deficit in spontaneous locomotion, and a decrease in excitability of type B neurons in the ipsilesional rather than contralesional MVN. By contrast, type B neurons in the contralesional rather than ipsilesional MVN exhibited an increase in response sensitivity to the ramp and step input current stimuli. One week after UL, both the neuronal excitability of the ipsilesional MVN and the neuronal sensitivity of the contralesional MVN recovered to the baseline, accompanied by a compensation of spontaneous locomotion. In addition, the data showed that the small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channel involved in the regulation of type B MVN neuronal sensitivity, showed a selective decrease in expression in the contralesional MVN 6 h after UL, and returned to normal level 1 week later. Pharmacological blockage of SK channel in contralateral MVN to inhibit the UL-induced functional plasticity of SK channel significantly delayed the compensation of vestibular motor dysfunction. These results suggest that the changes in plasticity of the ipsilesional MVN neuronal excitability, together with changes in the contralesional MVN neuronal sensitivity, may both contribute to the development of vestibular symptoms as well as vestibular compensation, and SK channel may be an essential ionic mechanism responsible for the dynamic changes of MVN neuronal sensitivity during vestibular compensation.

Thrombolytic therapy for 2 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated with intracardiac thrombosis and pulmonary embolism / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The clinical data of 2 children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated with intracardiac thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, treated in Tianjin Children′s Hospital from July 2019 to January 2020, were analyzed retrospectively.One patient was an 8-year-old girl, who was admitted to the hospital mainly because of " fever for 5 days and cough for 2 days" . The other patient was a 7-year-old boy, who was admitted due to " intermittent fever with cough for 24 days and chest pain for 1 day" . Both children were complicated with elevated D-dimer levels and positive antiphospholipid antibody.During the treatment, right cardiac thrombosis and pulmonary embolism occurred in both cases, and the manifestations of thrombosis related symptoms were not typical.After the patients received anticoagulation treatment and thrombolytic therapy with urokinase, the cardiac thrombus dissipated and the pulmonary embolism improved.For refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated with intracardiac thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, thrombolytic therapy can be applied to some children in addition to anticoagulant therapy.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients with Hematological Malignancies Superimposed with Solid Tumors / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of hematological malignancies superimposed patients with solid tumors.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 30 patients with more than two kinds of malignancy (the second is hematological malignancy) from October 2011 to October 2020 in Department of Hematology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The overall survival time was used as the prognostic evaluation standard, and the survival of patients were analyzed by KaplanMeier method. Logrank test and Cox regression model were used to carry out univariate and multivariate retrospective analysis on clinical and laboratory parameters of 30 patients.@*RESULTS@#Among 30 cases, 20 were male, 10 were female, the median age of onset of the second tumor was 70 years old. The common types of the secondary hematological malignancies to solid tumors are myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma. Univariate analysis showed that patients' gender, age, type of solid tumors, the onset of interval between two kinds of tumor, chromosome karyotype were not related to do with the patients' overall survival time. Type of hematologic disease, ECOG score were associated with patients' overall survival time, and the multivariate analysis showed that the type of hematologic disease and ECOG score were independent risk factors for patients with poor prognosis.@*CONCLUSION@#Patients superimposed with solid tumors complicated with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute leukemia and ECOG score ≥3 have poor prognosis and shorter overall survival time, which are independent risk factors influencing the prognosis. Bone marrow injury, immune dysfunction and genetic susceptibility after chemoradiotherapy may be the main causes of these diseases.

Experimental study on measurement of short pulsed and high-dose-rate X-ray by therapeutic grade ionization chamber / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the application of therapeutic grade ionization chamber to rapid measurement of short pulsed and high-dose-rate X-ray.Methods:The half-value layer of pulsed X-ray caused by an electron accelerator was measured by interpolation method and its equivalent energy was estimated. The cumulative doses from a certain amount of pulsed radiation at different distances in the same direction around the equipment were compared using the therapeutic grade ionization chamber and thermoluminescence measurement method . The relationship between the measurement result by using ionization chamber dosimeter and the distances away from source was analyzed. The cumulative doses from a certain amount of pulsed radiation at the same location at different frequencies were compared.Results:In working condition, 100 pulses of radiation were received accumulatively at 1 to 12 meters away from the outer wall of the equipment. The range of air Kerma was 0.08-9.65 mGy measured by using thermoluminescence dometers and 0.08 - 9.85 mGy using the ionization chamber dosimeters, respectively. The difference between both is within 10%. At different frequencies (1-10 Hz), there was no significant difference in X-ray air Kerma from 100 pulses measured by ionization chamber dosimeter at 2 m away from the front of the equipment ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The therapeutic grade ionization chamber dosimeter can be used for the rapid measurement of short pulsed X-ray radiation dose in the range of dose rates and pulse frequencies involved in the experimental accelerator device.

Application of overall nursing intervention in PET/MR imaging in children with epilepsy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the application value of overall nursing intervention in PET/MR imaging in children with epilepsy.Methods:A total of 48 pediatric epilepsy patients who underwent PET/MR imaging in the Nuclear Medicine Department of the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from July 2018 to October 2019 were enrolled. Among them, 24 patients with overall nursing intervention were used as the experimental group, and 24 patients were routine nursing intervention patients, who were served as the normal control group, and the examination time, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores and patient satisfaction scores (filled in by the patient′s guardian) of the experimental group and the control group were collected and compared.Results:The inspection time of the experimental group was (15.1±0.5) min, significantly lower than (24.8±1.3) min of the control group ( tvalue was 32.940, P<0.01); the SAS score of the experimental group was (35.7±4.2) points, lower than(43.8±3.3) points of the control group ( tvalue was 7.357, P<0.01), and the patient satisfaction score was (92.8±5.5) points, higher than (69.8±11.1) points of the control group ( tvalue was 9.088, P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusion:Overall nursing intervention in PET/MR imaging of pediatric patients with epilepsy can significantly cut down the examination time, reduce the anxiety of patients′ family members and improve the satisfaction of nursing care. It lays the foundation for clinicians to further accurately diagnose epilepsy foci and has important application value.

Chronic granulomatous disease caused by compound heterozygous mutation in NCF2 gene: case report and literature review / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between the type of mutation and clinical features, prognosis, and clinical characteristics of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) caused by compound heterozygous mutations in the NCF2 gene in children. Methods:The clinical data of 1 case of neonatal CGD caused by compound heterozygous mutations of NCF2 gene at Tianjin Children′s Hospital in August 2019 was analyzed, and domestic and international literatures were searched to summarize the clinical characteristics, gene mutation type and prognosis of CGD caused by NCF2 mutation. Results:The diagnosis of CGD was confirmed by the presence of compound heterozygous mutations c. 196_197insA (p.Arg66Glnfs23X) and c. 1180T>G (p.Tyr394Asp) in the NCF2 gene, accompanied with the clinical manifestations of fever, cough, multiple clumps and nodules in the chest CT at 25 days after birth, and the neutrophil respiratory burst test stimulation index(SI) 23.This new mutation was not reported in the Human Genetic Mutation Database.The child had a residual portion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and was followed up until the age of 9 months with an antifungal drug without recurrent infection.A total of 101 cases of CGD patients with NCF2 gene mutation were reported in domestic and international databases.Totally, 33 cases had SI results, with 22 cases below 3, 11 cases above 3, and 8 cases of missense mutations. Conclusions:c. 196_197insA and c. 1180T>G are new mutations in NCF2 gene that can lead to CGD.CGD patients containing missense mutations in the NCF2 gene may have more residual NADPH oxidase activity.

Exploration and practice of the two-way referral path of medical alliances based on telemedicine / 中华医院管理杂志

" Two-way referral, and synergy between the tertiary hospitals and primary institutions" is the core measure for promoting hierarchical diagnosis and treatment in the region. The authors introduced the exploration and practice of constructing a two-way referral path in the medical alliance based on telemedicine in West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University. As of May 2021, the hospital had established a two-way referral path with 52 member hospitals of the medical alliance. By clarifying the functionality and positioning of these institutions, optimizing work processes and IT support, building the mechanism of referral and liaison, and that of appraisal as support, these efforts had achieved progresses in such fields as innovative medical service modes, lean management of referral processes, and promotion of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system building.

Values of the Quantitative Parameters of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Benign and Malignant Nodules / 中国医学科学院学报

To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)quantitative parameters in the diagnosis of thyroid benign and malignant nodules. The CEUS features of 85 histopathologically confirmed thyroid nodules were quantitatively analyzed using five parameters including rising time(RT),time to peak(TTP),area under the curve(AUC),maximum intensity(Imax),and mean transit time(mTT).The dynamic vascular pattern(DVP)curves were also drawn. The Imax(=-7.08,=0.01)and AUC(=-2.03,=0.04)of thyroid malignant nodules were significantly smaller than those of thyroid tissue,and the Imax(=-1.35,=0.02)and AUC(=-0.21,=0.02)of thyroid benign nodules were significantly larger than those of thyroid tissue.There were significant differences between thyroid benign and malignant nodules in Imax(=-4.16,=0.00),AUC(=-3.01,=0.01),and DVP curve types(=0.00).RT(=-0.28,=0.62),TTP(=-0.10,=0.89),and mTT(=-0.79,=0.05)were not significantly different between thyroid benign and malignant nodules. The quantitative parameters of CEUS,especially Imax and AUC parameters,are valuable in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Exploration and practice of the closed-loop health management system of the West China Women and Children Alliance / 中华医院管理杂志

As one of the main forms of the medical alliance, the specialty alliance functions as a service carrier for hierarchical medical service and resources integration in the region. The authors introduced the exploration and practice of the West China Women′s and Children′s Alliance, the first pediatric specialty alliance in Sichuan, established by the West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University. Based on family doctor contracted services, the West China Women′s and Children′s Alliance took such measures as differentiated functional positioning, assessment of certified physicians, continuous online quality control, construction of referral platforms, and innovative payment mechanisms. Such efforts effectively integrated the three stages of pre-hospital " preventive care" , in-hospital " disease diagnosis and treatment" , and post-hospital " follow-up management" , exploring the homogenization of medical services within the alliance, and forming a pediatric closed-loop health management system, hence improving the primary medical services.

Analysis of factors related to reuse behavior of insulin pen needles under Shanghai new medical insurance policy / 中华全科医师杂志

One hundred and ninety-three type 2 diabetic patients of average age of 70.3 years (96 males and 97 females), receiving insulin treatment at Diabetes Clinic of Caoyang Subdistrict Community Health Service Center from April to October 2018 were enrolled in the study. During the first visit, the average times of insulin injection pen needle use in the past month and the reason for repeated use were investigated; and the patients were informed that under the medical insurance policy in Shanghai, the reimbursement rate of the needles was increased to 80%. The patients were regularly instructed on the use of insulin needles in the follow-up visits. After 5 months the times of each insulin needle use were surveyed again. The first survey showed that 97.5% (188/193) of patients reused insulin needles, and each needle was used for (11.8±9.8) times; while the second survey showed that each needle was used for (4.4±4.4) times. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the reuse behavior was affected by the frequency of education given by medical staff and the patient′s perception on expensiveness of the needles. It is suggested that clinical health education and fully informing medical insurance policy is important for the behavior change of reusing insulin injection pen needles in diabetic patients.

Application of PSMA ligands PET imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of non-prostate tumors / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a hot topic in molecular imaging research of prostate cancer. However, non-prostate related PSMA can also be expressed in physiological tissues and different benign and malignant diseases, especially in tumor-associated endovascular endothelial cells. Related clinical studies have demonstrated the staging potential of PSMA ligands PET imaging in non-prostate tumors. This article summarizes the application of PSMA ligands PET imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of non-prostate tumors.

Facilitation of spinal α-motoneuron excitability by histamine and the underlying ionic mechanisms / 生理学报

Spinal α-motoneurons directly innervate skeletal muscles and function as the final common path for movement and behavior. The processes that determine the excitability of motoneurons are critical for the execution of motor behavior. In fact, it has been noted that spinal motoneurons receive various neuromodulatory inputs, especially monoaminergic one. However, the roles of histamine and hypothalamic histaminergic innervation on spinal motoneurons and the underlying ionic mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the present study, by using the method of intracellular recording on rat spinal slices, we found that activation of either H or H receptor potentiated repetitive firing behavior and increased the excitability of spinal α-motoneurons. Both of blockage of K channels and activation of Na-Ca exchangers were involved in the H receptor-mediated excitation on spinal motoneurons, whereas the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels were responsible for the H receptor-mediated excitation. The results suggest that, through switching functional status of ion channels and exchangers coupled to histamine receptors, histamine effectively biases the excitability of the spinal α-motoneurons. In this way, the hypothalamospinal histaminergic innervation may directly modulate final motor outputs and actively regulate spinal motor reflexes and motor execution.

Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharide on Growth and Tumor-related Apoptosis Protein of Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Transplanted Tumor in Nude Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the inhibitory effect of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on growth of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor in nude mice and its effect on the apoptosis of tumor cells, in order to study the effect of APS on growth and induction of apoptosis of triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and its possible molecular mechanism. Method: Human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 was inoculated into the right axillary subcutaneous of BALB/c-nu female nude mice to establish the transplanted tumor model of breast cancer. Eighteen nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:model group (saline per day), low-dose APS group (200 mg·kg-1 APS per day), and high-dose APS group (400 mg·kg-1 APS per day), with 6 rats in each group. The drug was administered by gavage (200 μL) daily for 21 days. In the experiment, the length and diameter of breast cancer transplanted tumor were measured every two days, and the tumor volume was recorded and calculated. At the end of the experiment, the changes of tumor mass and tumor volume of the low and high-dose APS groups and the model group were observed and compared, and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The cell morphology in tumor tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to verify the apoptosis of breast cancer tissues. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 protein (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), Caspase in tumor tissues was detected by Western blot. Result: The tumor volume of breast cancer decreased in the low and high-dose APS groups, and the tumor inhibition rates were 37.9%and 57.57%, respectively, with statistically significant differences from the model group (PP0.01). HE of tumor tissue cells showed that APS led to obvious morphological changes, with apoptosis in the tissue cells. TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis rate of tumor cells in APS intervention groups was higher than that in control group. Western blot showed that expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased(PPPPConclusion: APS can effectively inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts in nude mice and induce apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The mechanism may be related to the effect of APS on expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-9 and Caspase-7 in breast cancer cells.

Histamine Excites Rat GABAergic Ventral Pallidum Neurons via Co-activation of H1 and H2 Receptors / 神经科学通报·英文版

The ventral pallidum (VP) is a crucial component of the limbic loop of the basal ganglia and participates in the regulation of reward, motivation, and emotion. Although the VP receives afferent inputs from the central histaminergic system, little is known about the effect of histamine on the VP and the underlying receptor mechanism. Here, we showed that histamine, a hypothalamic-derived neuromodulator, directly depolarized and excited the GABAergic VP neurons which comprise a major cell type in the VP and are responsible for encoding cues of incentive salience and reward hedonics. Both postsynaptic histamine H1 and H2 receptors were found to be expressed in the GABAergic VP neurons and co-mediate the excitatory effect of histamine. These results suggested that the central histaminergic system may actively participate in VP-mediated motivational and emotional behaviors via direct modulation of the GABAergic VP neurons. Our findings also have implications for the role of histamine and the central histaminergic system in psychiatric disorders.